Gram flour, besan, or chickpea flour, is a pulse flour made from a variety of ground chickpeas known as Bengal gram. It is a staple ingredient in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent, including in Indian, Bangladeshi, Burmese, Nepali, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan cuisines. Gram flour can be made from either raw or roasted chickpeas. The roasted variety is more flavorful, while the raw variety has a slightly bitter taste.
Ghee is clarified butter, the secret ingredient that gives Indian cooking its distinctive flavour. It is ideal for sauteing, braising, pan-frying and deep-frying. Often 1 tablespoon of ghee will work just as well as four tablespoons of any other cooking oil. It is an all-natural, salt-free, lactose-free alternative to hydrogenated cooking oils.